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煤矿深部软弱围岩高应力与低强度的矛盾突出,易诱发巷道大变形灾害,严重威胁安全生产。钻孔卸压技术通过应力释放与空间补偿机制提升围岩强度应力比,近年来在理论与工程实践中取得显著进展。本文系统梳理了国内外钻孔卸压技术研究动态,重点从作用机理、参数设计、模型试验及效果评价等方面展开分析,得出以下关键结论:(1)卸压钻孔通过诱导裂隙扩展实现三向应力协同调控及剪胀变形补偿,形成“浅部卸压-深部承载”的应力分布格局,并与高强支护协同构成“卸-支协同”体系;(2)钻孔直径、间距与深度等关键参数对卸压效果影响显著,现有研究已初步建立多因素耦合设计准则,但其在复杂地质条件下的适用性仍需进一步验证;(3)当前技术仍面临卸压效果定量评价体系不完善、能量演化机制不明确、卸压-支护动态耦合理论欠缺等瓶颈。展望未来,应重点构建“多场耦合-动静协同”的卸压机制分析框架,发展融合热-水-力-损伤效应的动态本构理论;研发基于随钻感知与智能决策的精准卸压装备;优化差异化支护与注浆补强办法,构建卸压-支护-加固一体化控制体系,推动钻孔卸压技术向智能化、精准化、规模化方向发展。
Abstract：In deep coal mines, the prominent conflict between the high in-situ stress and the low strength of soft surrounding rock frequently induces large-scale deformation disasters that pose a severe threat to safe production.Borehole pressure relief technology, which improves the strength-to-stress ratio of surrounding rock through stress release and space compensation mechanisms, has achieved remarkable advancements in both theoretical development and engineering practice in recent years. This paper systematically reviewed the research dynamics of borehole pressure relief technology both domestically and internationally, focusing on four aspects, i.e.,operational mechanisms, parameter design, model testing, and effect evaluation. The following key conclusions were drawn:(1) Pressure relief boreholes facilitate the coordinated regulation of triaxial stresses and compensate for shear dilation by inducing fracture propagation, resulting in a stress distribution pattern characterized by“shallow-pressure relief and deep-bearing capacity” and forming a “pressure relief-support” synergic system when combined with high-strength support.(2) Key parameters such as borehole diameter, spacing, and depth significantly influence the pressure relief effectiveness. Although multi-factor coupled design criteria have been preliminarily established, their applicability under complex geological conditions requires further validation.(3)Current technical bottlenecks include an incomplete quantitative evaluation framework for pressure relief effectiveness, unclear energy evolution mechanisms, and underdeveloped theories for dynamic pressure reliefsupport coupling. Looking forward, research should focus on constructing a “multi-field coupling and static/dynamic synergy” analytical framework and developing dynamic constitutive theories integrating thermalhydraulic-mechanical-damage(THMD) effects. Innovations in precise pressure relief equipment enabled by whiledrilling sensing and intelligent decision-making are also needed. Furthermore, optimizing differentiated support and grouting reinforcement and building an integrated “pressure relief-support-reinforcement” control system will drive borehole pressure relief technology toward intelligent, precise, and large-scale applications.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13532/j.jmsce.cn10-1638/td.2025-1335
中图分类号:TD322.5
引用信息:
[1]康永水,黄友琦,李翔,等.煤矿深部软岩巷道钻孔卸压技术研究进展综述[J].采矿与岩层控制工程学报,2026,8(02):77-99.DOI:10.13532/j.jmsce.cn10-1638/td.2025-1335.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金面上基金资助项目(42277170); 岩土力学与岩土工程国家重点实验室基金资助项目(SKLGME-JBGS2401)
2025-10-30
2025-10-30
2025-10-30