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为探究岩爆过程的裂纹演化机制与预警前兆规律,利用真三轴试验机开展花岗岩巷道岩爆模拟试验,分析了岩爆过程张拉、剪切裂纹的演化规律,发现岩爆初期以张拉裂纹为主,临近发生以剪切破裂为主,据此提出岩爆监测指标拉剪比(TSR),可有效量化两类裂纹演化的动态变化特征。基于临界慢化理论分析岩爆过程声发射参数的自相关系数和方差,发现岩爆前声发射持续时间、峰值频率、幅值、振铃计数、上升时间、RA、RA/AF及TSR的自相关系数和方差均大幅突增,呈现典型前兆特征,体现了该理论在岩爆预警中的优势。通过定义前兆响应系数,量化对比各声发射参数的前兆影响能力,显示新提出的TSR参数前兆响应系数最大,前兆现象出现的时间越早,在岩爆预警中时效性越强,而传统参数的预警效果十分接近,这为岩爆监测预警提供了新的参数和依据。
Abstract：To investigate the crack evolution mechanism and precursor characteristics of rockburst, granite roadway rockburst simulation experiments were conducted using a true triaxial testing machine. The evolution of tensile and shear cracks was analyzed, showing that tensile cracks dominate in the early stage, whereas shear cracks prevail as failure approaches. Accordingly, a new monitoring index—the Tensile–Shear Ratio(TSR)—was proposed to quantify the dynamic evolution of both crack types. Based on the theory of critical slowing down, the autocorrelation coefficients and variances of acoustic emission(AE) parameters were examined. Results indicate that AE duration, peak frequency, amplitude, ringing count, rise time, RA value, RA/AF, and TSR all increased significantly prior to rockburst, exhibiting typical precursor behavior and underscoring the advantages of this theory for early warning. A precursor response coefficient was further defined to quantitatively compare precursor sensitivity. TSR showed the highest response coefficient, with precursors appearing earlier and demonstrating stronger timeliness in early warning, while traditional AE parameters exhibited comparable effectiveness. These findings provide a novel parameter and theoretical foundation for advancing rockburst monitoring and early warning.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13532/j.jmsce.cn10-1638/td.2025-1242
中图分类号:TD315
引用信息:
[1]梁鹏,鲁遥,张艳博,等.巷道岩爆过程拉剪破裂演化与临界慢化预警[J].采矿与岩层控制工程学报,2026,8(04):164-177.DOI:10.13532/j.jmsce.cn10-1638/td.2025-1242.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金资助项目（52474098）; 河北省自然科学基金资助项目（23564201D）
2025-07-01
2025
2025-09-29
2025-09-30
2025
1
2026-08-15
2026-08-15