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深部矿井多工作面大空间开采导致大能量强矿震事件频发,同时地表伴随剧烈的下沉变形,掌握具体地层条件下地表移动与强矿震时空分布响应规律对于深部矿井动力灾害防控意义重大。以兖州矿区东滩煤矿63_上04,63_上05,63_上06工作面为工程背景,基于关键层理论与复合破断原理,对东滩煤矿复杂地层进行了科学划分,现场实测了深井厚硬岩层下多工作面开采地表沉降规律及强矿震时空分布特征,分析了多工作面连续开采下关键层组运移演化规律,揭示了关键层组破断演化、地表沉陷规律与大能量强矿震分布的联动效应。研究结果表明:(1)东滩煤矿六采区地层可以划分出4个关键层组,每个关键层组包含一层关键层和若干坚硬岩层,相比单一关键层,关键层组发生复合破断时的矿震能量更高、破断步距更大,对上覆岩层的运移及地表下沉影响也更为突出。(2)地表沉陷观测结果显示,63_上04,63_上05工作面开采结束,地表下沉系数分别为0.189,0.458;63_上06工作面当前已开采808.29 m,地表下沉系数为0.492,受多关键层组地质赋存特征影响,东滩煤矿六采区地表下沉系数远小于兖州矿区其他矿井平均地表下沉系数(0.75～0.85),地表未达到充分采动,下沉趋势为:无明显下沉–下沉空间显著–下沉空间逐渐增大。(3)矿震监测结果显示,63_上04工作面开采时,大能量强矿震事件主要集中在低位关键层组Ⅰ,Ⅱ层位,随着多工作面连续开采,大能量强矿震逐渐向高位转移,逐渐集中至关键层组Ⅱ,Ⅲ层位。(4)由地表沉陷及大能量强矿震实测数据可知,东滩煤矿六采区多工作面连续开采下关键层组复合破断覆岩结构呈“断悬”结构–“铰接”结构交替上升,逐层演化过程验证了覆岩运动、地表沉陷及大能量强矿震3者之间存在一定的联动效应。研究成果可对类似工程地质条件下多关键层组复合破断研究及大能量强矿震预控提供一定参考。
Abstract：Large-space mining in multiple working faces in deep mines leads to frequent large-energy strong mine earthquakes,while the surface is accompanied by severe subsidence and deformation.Mastering the spatial and temporal distribution response law of surface movement and strong mine earthquakes under specific stratum conditions is of great significance for the prevention of dynamic disasters in deep mines.Based on the engineering circumstances of the 63upper04,63upper05 and 63upper06 working faces in the Dongtan Coal Mine of Yanzhou Mining Area,the complex geological strata are scientifically classified using the Key Stratum Theory and the principle of composite failure.Field measurements are conducted to investigate the surface subsidence patterns and the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of strong mining-induced seismicity during multi-working face mining under the deep and hard rock layer.The evolutionary patterns of the key stratum group during the continuous mining of multiple working faces is analyzed,revealing the interactive effects among key stratum group failure,surface subsidence patterns,and the distribution of large-energy strong mining-induced seismic events.The main conclusions are as follows:(1) The geological strata in the Dongtan Coal Mine Six Mining Area can be divided into four key stratum groups,each comprising one key stratum and several hard rock layers.Compared to a single key stratum,the seismic energy is higher and the failure step distance is larger when a key stratum group experiences composite failure,resulting in a more pronounced impact on the movement of overlying rock layers and surface subsidence.(2) The observation results of surface subsidence show that the surface subsidence coefficients of the 63upper04 and 63upper05 working faces are 0.189 and 0.458,respectively,and the 63upper06 working faces have been mined for 808.29 m,and the surface subsidence coefficient is 0.492,which is much smaller than the average surface subsidence coefficient of other mines in Yanzhou mining area(0.75-0.85) due to the geological characteristics of multiple key layer groups.Also, the surface is not fully mined,and the subsidence sequentially changes from no obvious subsidence,significant subsidence,to the trend that the subsidence space is gradually increasing.(3) During the mining of 63upper04 working face,the strong mine earthquake events with large energy are mainly concentrated near the low key strata group Ⅰ and Ⅱ.With the continuous mining of multiple working faces,the large-energy strong mine earthquake gradually shifts to the high level.gradually concentrated near the second and third layers of the key strata.(4) According to the measured data of surface subsidence and high-energy strong mine earthquakes,the composite cracking overburden structure of the key layer group under the continuous mining of multiple working faces of the No.6 mining area of Dongtan Coal Mine changs between "fault-suspended" structure and "hinged" structure,and the layer-by-layer evolution process verifies that there is a certain linkage effect between overburden movement,surface subsidence and high-energy strong ore earthquake.The research results have a certain guiding significance for the study of compound fracture of multi-key strata and the pre-control of high-energy strong mine earthquakes under similar engineering geological conditions.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13532/j.jmsce.cn10-1638/td.20240010.001
中图分类号:TD325
引用信息:
[1]张广超,张广有,周广磊,等.多工作面连续开采地表沉陷与强矿震联动响应规律[J].采矿与岩层控制工程学报,2024,6(01):117-130.DOI:10.13532/j.jmsce.cn10-1638/td.20240010.001.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(52374098);; 山东省优秀青年基金资助项目(ZR202211070181);; 山东省高等学校青创团队计划资助项目(2022KJ212)