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针对超大采高工作面一次采出空间大、围岩控制的尺度效应突出,矿压显现强烈、来压机理不清等问题,采用数值模拟、理论分析和微震监测等手段对世界首套10 m超大采高综采工作面顶板破断结构、运动规律、来压机理和控制方法展开了系统分析和研究。结果表明:(1)顶板破断形态为“低位0～40 m悬臂梁(等效直接顶)+高位40～100 m砌体梁(关键层结构群)”组合形式。受中高位“关键层结构群”失稳影响,工作面存在规律性的大、小周期来压现象,单轮大周期来压含多次连续性强来压,来压强度高。(2)顶板岩层的“自下而上”和“自上而下”的垂向连贯破断,并触发中高位关键层的垂向“上、下联动循环失稳”,是导致大周期来压步距、持续距离及来压强度显著增大的关键诱因。同时,采场围岩应力演化受控于中高位关键层的破断过程,对中高位关键层的破断运动进行干预和控制是调控采场矿压的关键。(3)对低位厚硬岩层压裂弱化可以提升高位“关键层结构群”的稳定性,并阻断垂向岩层的“上、下联动循环失稳”过程,弱化大周期强来压风险。依据防控策略,在超大采高工作面实施了区域水力压裂治理工程,显著弱化了来压强度,取得了理想的效果。
Abstract：For the large one-time extraction space, prominent scale effect of ground control, intense mine pressure manifestation and unclear mechanism of pressure relief in ultra-high mining height working faces, the roof fracture structure, movement law, pressure relief mechanism and control methods of the world's first 10 m ultrahigh mining height fully mechanized working face were investigated by numerical simulation, theoretical analysis and microseismic monitoring. The results reveals a combined roof fracture form of "low-position 0-40 m cantilever beam(equivalent immediate roof) + high-position 40-100 m masonry beam(key layer structure group)". Affected by the instability of the medium and high-position "key layer structure group", there is a regular "large and small cycle pressure relief" phenomenon in the working face. A single large cycle contains multiple consecutive strong pressure reliefs with high pressure relief intensity. The vertical continuous fracture of roof strata from "bottom to top" and "top to bottom", and the triggering of the vertical "up and down linkage cycle instability" of the medium and high-position key layer are the key inducements for the significant increase in the step distance, continuous distance and pressure relief intensity of the large cycle. At the same time, the stress evolution of the surrounding rock in the stope is controlled by the fracture process of the medium and highposition key layer, and the intervention and control of the fracture movement of the latter is the key to regulating the mine pressure in the stope.(3)The fracturing and weakening of the low-position thick and hard rock strata can enhance the stability of the high-position "key layer structure group" and block the vertical "up and down linkage cycle instability" process of the rock strata, thereby weakening the risk of strong pressure relief in the large cycle.Based on the prevention and control strategy, a regional hydraulic fracturing treatment project was implemented in the ultra-high mining height working face, which significantly weakened the pressure relief intensity and achieved ideal results.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13532/j.jmsce.cn10-1638/td.2025-1081
中图分类号:TD325
引用信息:
[1]刘晓刚,张震,刘前进,等.超大采高工作面覆岩运动及来压机理研究[J].采矿与岩层控制工程学报,2025,7(06):219-235.DOI:10.13532/j.jmsce.cn10-1638/td.2025-1081.
基金信息:
中煤科工开采研究院有限公司科技创新基金资助项目(KCYJY-2024-MS-12); 天地科技股份有限公司科技创新创业资金专项资助项目(2023-2-TD-ZD003); 国家重点研发计划资助项目(2023YFC2907501,2023YFC2907502)