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胶结充填体的强度设计需同时保障采场稳定与控制重金属浸出风险,然而长期服役环境下其强度劣化机理与胶材掺量临界条件仍不明确。因此,针对Pb、Cu、Zn、Cr四种重金属,通过静态浸出、SEM与XRD试验,研究了弱胶结充填体在化学侵蚀下的性能演化规律。研究结果表明:(1)重金属Cr稳定性最高, Pb和Zn次之,而Cu最易受环境和化学性质影响发生形态演化。(2)充填体长期稳定性高度依赖于环境pH值, pH=7条件下1∶10配比试样90 d强度最高(2.11 MPa), pH=10条件下1∶20配比试样90 d强度最低(0.63 MPa),酸性条件引发早期侵蚀,碱性环境导致后期膨胀劣化。(3)灰砂比对重金属固化效果影响显著。1∶20配比下Pb、Cu、Zn、Cr的浸出含量最高,分别为0.000 95、0.94、0.86、0.014 7 mg/L,是1∶10配比的2～3倍,均符合《地下水质量标准》(GB/T 14848—2017)Ⅲ类标准。研究结果明确了环境-配比-性能间的关联,可为绿色矿山充填设计提供参考。
Abstract：The strength design of cemented backfill must simultaneously ensure stope stability and control the risk of heavy metal leaching. However, the mechanisms of long-term strength degradation and the critical condition for binder dosage remain unclear under prolonged service environments. Accordingly, this study investigates the performance evolution of weakly cemented backfill under chemical erosion, targeting four heavy metals(Pb, Cu,Zn, Cr), through static leaching tests, SEM, and XRD analysis. The results indicate that:(1) Cr exhibits the highest stability, followed by Pb and Zn, while Cu is the most susceptible to morphological transformation due to environmental and chemical influences.(2) The long-term stability of the backfill is highly dependent on the ambient pH. Specimens with a binder-to-tailings ratio of 1∶10 achieved the highest 90 d strength(2.11 MPa)under neutral conditions(pH=7), whereas those with a 1∶20 ratio showed the lowest strength(0.63 MPa) in an alkaline environment(pH=10). Acidic conditions induced early-stage erosion, while alkalinity led to late-stage expansion and degradation.(3) The binder-to-tailings ratio significantly influences the immobilization efficiency.The highest leaching concentrations for Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cr were observed at the 1∶20 ratio, measuring 0.000 95,0.94, 0.86, and 0.014 7 mg/L, respectively—approximately 2 to 3 times higher than those at the 1∶10 ratio.Despite this increase, all values complied with the Class III standards of the "Quality Standard for Groundwater"(GB/T 14848—2017). This research clarifies the interrelationships among environmental conditions, mix proportion, and backfill performance, providing a critical basis for the design of backfill in green mining.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13532/j.jmsce.cn10-1638/td.2025-1296
中图分类号:TD926.4;TD853.343
引用信息:
[1]焦华喆,张庆澳,靳翔飞,等.弱胶结充填体强度特性及其对重金属浸出抑制机理[J].采矿与岩层控制工程学报,2026,8(04):130-145.DOI:10.13532/j.jmsce.cn10-1638/td.2025-1296.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(52374121); 国家重点研发计划资助项目(2023YFC2907203); 河南省科技研发计划联合基金(重点项目)资助项目(235200810016)
2026-08-15
2026-08-15