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巷道围岩中往往含有复杂的节理裂隙、形态大小不一的孔洞等内部结构特征,这些缺陷严重影响了巷道围岩的稳定性。室内物理模型试验是研究工程岩体稳定性的主要途径之一,然而,传统方法难以制造出一批具有完全相同结构和性质的物理模型且物理模型的力学特性和内部结构与工程实际岩体的力学特性存在较大差异,这极大限制了物理模型试验在反映实际工程巷道时的科学性。近年来,快速发展的3D打印技术可有效弥补传统方法的不足,在材料研发层面,通过系统调控打印基质、颗粒级配、黏结剂饱和度以及玻璃纤维掺量等方法,成功制备出在力学行为上与天然煤岩高度相似的砂型3D打印类煤岩材料,为实现物理模型的制作奠定了材料基础。在机理研究层面,基于此类煤岩材料开展的锚固体力学试验,系统揭示了锚杆等支护元件的锚固机制,验证了其用于模拟天然岩体锚固试验的可行性,为支护结构的设计提供了理论依据。最终,在模型试验层面,研究进一步利用砂型3D打印技术,通过分层打印工艺,分别构建了完整围岩与含裂隙围岩条件下的锚固巷道物理模型。结合双轴加载系统与数字散斑技术(DIC),定量分析了裂隙对巷道变形破坏规律的影响。试验所揭示的破坏模式与工程现场观测结果高度吻合。系列研究表明,砂型3D打印技术能够实现从材料性能、内部结构到力学特性的高精度重构,有效弥补了传统模型试验方法的不足,在岩体工程物理模拟研究中展现出良好的应用前景与科学性。
Abstract：The surrounding rock of roadways often contains complex joint fractures, holes of different sizes, and other internal structural characteristics, which seriously affect their stability. Indoor physical model tests are one of the main ways to study the stability of engineering rock masses. However, traditional methods struggle to produce physical models with exactly the same structures and properties, and the mechanical properties and internal structures of physical models differ considerably from those of in-situ rock masses, which greatly limits the scientific nature of physical model tests in reflecting the actual engineering roadway. In recent years, the rapid development of 3D printing technology has effectively made up for the shortcomings of traditional methods. At the level of material research and development, sand-powder 3D printing coal-rock-like materials with high similarity to natural coal-rock in mechanical behavior are successfully prepared by systematically regulating printing matrix, particle gradation, binder saturation, and glass fiber content. This progress lays a material foundation for the production of physical models. At the level of mechanism research, based on mechanical tests on anchorage bodies using such coal-rock materials, the anchorage mechanisms of supporting elements such as bolts have been systematically revealed. These tests verify the feasibility of using these materials to simulate the anchorage in natural rock masses and provide a theoretical basis for the design of supporting structure. Finally, at the level of physical model tests, researches have employed the sand-powder 3D printing technology with the layered printing process to construct physical models of anchored roadways under the conditions of both intact surrounding rock and fractured surrounding rock. The influence of cracks on the deformation and failure law of roadway is quantitatively analyzed with the aid of the biaxial loading system and the digital speckle technique(DIC). The failure modes revealed by the tests are highly consistent with the field observation results.Collectively, these studies confirm that the sand-powder 3D printing technology can achieve high-precision reconstruction with respect to material properties, internal structure, and mechanical response, effectively overcoming the shortcomings of traditional model tests and showing good application prospects and scientificity in physical simulation research of rock mass engineering.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13532/j.jmsce.cn10-1638/td.2025-1136
中图分类号:TD322.4;TP391.73
引用信息:
[1]蒋力帅,高明涛,王宗可,等.基于砂型3D打印的煤岩体物理重构与巷道模型试验研究进展[J].采矿与岩层控制工程学报,2026,8(02):57-76.DOI:10.13532/j.jmsce.cn10-1638/td.2025-1136.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52474103); 山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR2024ZD22);山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR2024ME031)
2026-03-12
2026-03-12
2026-03-12