王晶,王晓蕾

• 1:吕梁学院矿业工程系

摘要(Abstract)：

保护层开采能够有效防治煤矿瓦斯问题,保护效果是保护层开采设计的重要依据。为了研究保护层开采时被保护层裂隙演化和渗透特征,采用现场测试对保护层开采前后裂隙发育特征进行分析,并对保护层开采过程中被保护层渗透率和卸压特征进行了相似模拟和数值模拟研究,研究结果表明:保护层开采前,裂隙发育数量和宽度较小,受保护层开采影响后,裂隙数量和宽度明显增加,裂隙发育度提高;保护层开采后被保护层可划分原岩应力区、支撑应力区、开采卸压区、应力恢复区4个区,支撑应力区渗透率降低,应力恢复区渗透率小幅提高,开采卸压区内渗透率可达到开采前的7倍以上;保护层开采后,被保护层卸压幅度将近50%,卸压率曲线呈"沟渠状"分布,被保护层膨胀率整体大于3‰,满足《防治煤与瓦斯突出细则》的要求,保护层开采可以达到卸压增透的效果。

关键词(KeyWords)： 保护层开采;裂隙演化;渗透特征;卸压

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 山西省高等学校科技创新资助项目(2019L0954);; 吕梁市开发区高层次科技人才引进计划专项资助项目(2019110)

作者(Author): 王晶,王晓蕾

DOI: 10.13532/j.jmsce.cn10-1638/td.20201215.001

参考文献(References)：

• [1]钱鸣高.为实现由煤炭大国向煤炭强国的转变而努力[J].中国煤炭，2017,43(7):5-9.QIAN Minggao. Efforts to be made to achieve the transition of chinese coal industry from quantity to quality[J]. China Coal,2017,43(7):5-9.
• [2]高明忠，王明耀，谢晶，等.深部煤岩原位扰动力学行为研究[J].煤炭学报，2020,45(8):2691-2703.GAO Mingzhong,WANG Mingyao,XIE Jing,et al. In-situ disturbed mechanical behavior of deep coal rock[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2020,45(8):2691-2703.
• [3]康红普，徐刚，王彪谋，等.我国煤炭开采与岩层控制技术发展40a及展望[J].采矿与岩层控制工程学报，2019,1(1):013501.KANG Hongpu,XU Gang,WANG Biaomou,et al. Forty years development and prospects of underground coal mining and strata control technologies in China[J]. Journal of Mining and Strata Control Engineering,2019,1(1):013501.
• [4]蔡美峰.深部开采围岩稳定性与岩层控制关键理论和技术[J].采矿与岩层控制工程学报，2020,2(3):033037.CAI Meifeng. Key theories and technologies for surrounding rock stability and ground control in deep mining[J]. Journal of Mining and Strata Control Engineering,2020,2(3):033037.
• [5]齐庆新，潘一山，李海涛.煤矿深部开采煤岩动力灾害防控理论基础与关键技术[J].煤炭学报，2020,45(5):1567-1584.QI Qingxin,PAN Yishan,LI Haitao. Theoretical basis and key technology of prevention and control of coal-rock dynamic disasters in deep coal mining[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2020,45(5):1567-1584.
• [6]张建国，兰天伟，王满.平顶山矿区深部矿井动力灾害预测方法与应用[J].煤炭学报，2019,44(6):1698-1706.ZHANG Jianguo,LAN Tianwei,WANG Man. Prediction method of deep mining dynamic disasters and its application in Pingdingshan mining area[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2019,44(6):1698-1706.
• [7]袁亮.煤矿典型动力灾害风险判识及监控预警技术研究进展[J].煤炭学报，2020,45(5):1557-1566.YUAN Liang. Research progress on risk identification,assessment,monitoring and early warning technologies of typical dynamic hazards in coal mines[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2020,45(5):1557-1566.
• [8]程详，赵光明，李英明，等.软岩保护层开采覆岩采动裂隙带演化及卸压瓦斯抽采研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报，2020,37(3):533-542.CHENG Xiang,ZHAO Guangming,LI Yingming,et al. Evolution of overburden mining-induced fractured zone and pressure-relief gas drainage in soft rock protective seam[J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2020,37(3):533-542.
• [9]任伟光，周宏伟，薛东杰，等.上保护层开采下煤岩强扰动力学行为与渗透特性[J].煤炭学报，2019,44(5):1473-1481.REN Weiguang,ZHOU Hongwei,XUE Dongjie,et al. Mechanical behavior and permeability of coal and rock under strong mining disturbance in protected coal seam mining[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2019,44(5):1473-1481.
• [10]林柏泉，张建国，翟成，等.近距离保护层开采采场下行通风瓦斯涌出及分布规律[J].中国矿业大学学报，2008,54(1):24-29.LIN Baiquan,ZHANG Jianguo,ZHAI Cheng,et al. Gas emission and distribution law in the stope mining short range protection layer using downward ventilation[J]. Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2008,54(1):24-29.
• [11]闫浩，张吉雄，鞠杨升，等.上保护层开采下充实率控制裂隙发育规律及瓦斯抽采研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报，2018,35(6):1262-1268.YAN Hao,ZHANG Jixiong,JU Yangsheng,et al. Fracture development rules controlled by backfill body's compression ratio and gas drainage technology under upper protective layer mining[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2018,35(6):1262-1268.
• [12]涂敏，袁亮，缪协兴，等.保护层卸压开采煤层变形与增透效应研究[J].煤炭科学技术，2013,41(1):40-43.TU Min,YUAN Liang,MIAO Xiexing,et al. Study on seam deformation and permeability improved effect of pressure released mining in protective seam[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2013,41(1):40-43.
• [13]齐庆新，程志恒，张浪，等.近距离突出危险煤层群上保护层开采可行性分析[J].煤炭科学技术，2015,43(4):43-47.QI Qingxin,CHENG Zhiheng,ZHANG Lang,et al. Analysis on feasibility of upper protective layers mining in contiguous seams with coal and gas outburst hazard[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2015,43(4):43-47.
• [14]何祥，杨科，袁亮，等.双关键层跨煤组远程卸压增透效应试验研究[J].中国矿业大学学报，2020,66(2):238-246.HE Xiang,YANG Ke,YUAN Liang,et al. Experimental study of pressure-relief and permeability improvement effect of the remote protected layer crossing coal groups with double key strata[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2020,66(2):238-246.
• [15]施峰，王宏图，舒才，等.间距对上保护层开采保护效果影响的相似模拟实验研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术，2017,13(12):138-144.SHI Feng,WANG Hongtu,SHU Cai,et al. Similar simulation test study on influence of inter coal seam distance on protection effect in upper protective layer mining[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2017,13(12):138-144.
• [16]霍丙杰，范张磊，路洋波，等.保护层开采被保护层体积应变与渗透特性相似模拟研究[J].煤炭科学技术，2018,46(7):19-25.HUO Bingjie,FAN Zhanglei,LU Yangbo,et al. Similarity simulation study on permeability of protected coal seam volumetric strain during mining protective coal seam[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(7):19-25.
• [17]张宏伟，付兴，霍丙杰，等.低透煤层保护层开采卸压效果试验[J].安全与环境学报，2017,17(6):2134-2139.ZHANG Hongwei,FU Xing,HUO Bingjie,et al. Experimental study on the pressure-relief effect of the protective seam mining at low permeability seam[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment,2017,17(6):2134-2139.
• [18]贺爱萍，付华，霍丙杰，等.保护层开采被保护层裂隙分布与增透效果相似材料模拟[J].安全与环境学报，2019,19(4):1174-1181.HE Aiping,FU Hua,HUO Bingjie,et al. Simulated study for the crack distribution and the antireflection effect with the mining of the protective layer[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment,2019,19(4):1174-1181.
• [19]刘雨涛，信连凯，谌志勇.高山矿近距离低透煤层上保护层开采底板卸压增透效应研究[J].煤矿安全，2020,51(3):32-37.LIU Yutao,XIN Liankai,CHEN Zhiyong. Effect of pressure relief and permeability increase of bottom layer of protective layer in low permeability coal seam of Gaoshan Mine[J]. Safety in Coal Mines,2020,51(3):32-37.