康红普

• 1:中煤科工开采研究院有限公司
• 2:煤炭科学研究总院开采研究分院
• 3:煤炭资源高效开采与洁净利用国家重点实验室

摘要(Abstract)：

论述煤炭开采与岩层控制研究中涉及到的不同时间尺度,从全球最早的成煤地质年代到超动态的亚微秒级。包括不同成煤期,世界煤炭开采历史,矿区、矿井的服务年限及开采参数,静态、动态煤岩力学试验,煤岩破碎,围岩变形与破坏及煤矿动力灾害的时间尺度分布。指出煤炭开采与岩层控制研究的时间尺度集中分布在10-7～1016 s,跨23个数量级。在地质年代尺度上,可研究煤的形成、煤盆地演化、煤系地层应力场演化等内容。井工煤矿开采划分成不同矿区、矿井、水平、采区、区段进行,不同阶段的时间尺度不同。煤岩力学试验从蠕变到超动态,时间尺度范围为10-7～109 s。岩石蠕变试验时间有的可达数年,而岩石动态破坏时间有的仅为微秒级。煤岩破碎、采掘空间维护是煤炭开采与岩层控制的两大任务,前者涉及凿岩、爆破、机械截割振动等动态问题,研究时间单位常用秒、毫秒、微秒;后者包括采场与巷道围岩控制。采场是移动场所,围岩变形、破坏、垮落及支架阻力变化较快,常以分、小时为时间单位;巷道服务时间较长,围岩变形与破坏的时效性较强,描述巷道变形与支护体受力变化的时间单位多为天、周及月。冲击地压等煤矿动力灾害持续时间仅为几秒到几十秒,研究冲击地压发生、发展及破坏过程,应从毫秒甚至更小的尺度上进行。不同的煤炭开采与岩层控制问题需要在不同的时间尺度研究。有些问题需要进行多时间尺度研究,才能发现问题的本质。世界煤炭开采已有2 000多年的历史,特别是最近60多年,煤炭开采实现了重大技术革命。但大规模煤炭开采也带来一系列问题,如何继续做好煤炭开采与岩层控制工作,需要新思路、新工艺、新技术。

关键词(KeyWords)： 煤炭开采;岩层控制;时间尺度;静态;动态;围岩变形;时效性

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation):

作者(Author): 康红普

DOI: 10.13532/j.jmsce.cn10-1638/td.20200814.001

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