徐刚,张震,张春会,范志忠,卢振龙,黄志增,陆闯,薛吉胜,王传朋,陈法兵,李岩,刘前进,李正杰,孙晓东,蔺星宇,马镕山

• 1:天地科技股份有限公司开采设计事业部
• 2:中煤科工开采研究院有限公司
• 3:河北科技大学建筑工程学院
• 4:辽宁工程技术大学力学与工程学院

摘要(Abstract)：

从岩层控制理论、监测预警技术及装备、矿压规律及数据分析、防控手段等方面系统地阐述了当前我国煤矿开采工作面顶板灾害方面的研究现状。当前工作面顶板灾害依然是制约我国煤矿安全生产的重要因素,近两年来无论是顶板灾害起数还是伤亡人数,均呈明显上升的趋势,顶板灾害防控依然严峻。在矿压基础理论研究方面,国内科研人员相继提出了“砌体梁”、“传递岩梁”、“组合悬臂梁–铰接岩梁”、“切落体”和“分区支撑理论”等力学结构模型,明确了不同岩层赋存条件下顶板灾害致灾机理;在顶板灾害监测预警方面,我国煤矿已经开始摆脱传统单一的近场矿压监测,逐步向工作面近、远场顶板状态联合实时监测、动态感知、协同预警发展,实现矿压监测系统监测近场支架工作阻力、顶板下沉量、煤体应力等,微震监测系统监测工作面远场上覆岩层顶板断裂位置和能量大小;在矿压规律及数据分析方面,总结了浅埋深、坚硬顶板、非坚硬顶板不同围岩赋存状态下工作面矿压规律,明确了各条件下支架工作阻力的增阻特性;在顶板灾害防治方面,针对不同围岩赋存条件下易发生的顶板灾害类型,形成了相对应的顶板灾害防治技术,针对矿压显现较强烈,容易发生顶板灾害的坚硬顶板矿井,通过顶板深孔爆破、浅孔水力压裂、井下定向区域水力压裂、地面水力压裂等技术,有效地预防了顶板灾害的发生。总体而言,我国工作面顶板灾害防控理论及技术体系仍在不断完善,随着新技术的不断发展和智能化矿井的建设,顶板灾害的智能预警及联动防控将获得更大的发展。

关键词(KeyWords)： 顶板灾害;致灾机理;监测预警;矿压特征;灾害防治

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51574139);; 河北省教育厅重点资助项目(ZD2020338)

作者(Author): 徐刚,张震,张春会,范志忠,卢振龙,黄志增,陆闯,薛吉胜,王传朋,陈法兵,李岩,刘前进,李正杰,孙晓东,蔺星宇,马镕山

DOI: 10.13532/j.jmsce.cn10-1638/td.2024.05.011

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