李江华，李宏杰，李在春，等. 珲春河下近距离煤层开采及对河堤损害影响的研究[J]. 采矿与岩层控制工程学报，2020，2( 1 )：013538.
LI Jianghua，LI Hongjie，LI Zaichun，et al. Research on river dike failure of short-distance coal seams mining under Hunchun River[J]. Journal of Mining and Strata Control Engineering，2020，2( 1 )：013538.
珲春河下近距离煤层开采及对河堤损害影响的研究
李江华1,2，李宏杰1,2，李在春3，吴作启1,2
( 1. 煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司 安全分院，北京 100013；2. 煤炭资源高效开采与洁净利用国家重点实验室( 煤炭科学研究总院 )，北京 100013；3. 珲春矿业( 集团 )有限责任公司，吉林 珲春 133300 )
摘 要：河下采煤易造成的河堤下沉、堤防损坏，将导致河水外溢、河堤失稳，降低行洪能力，从而诱发安全事故。河下采煤应将资源开发利用与河流、河堤的防护协同开展。以珲春河下近距离煤层组开采为例，通过分析井田含水层与地表水的水力联系，得出井田第四系砂砾含水层、煤系风化带含水层与上部珲春河水力联系密切。煤层组顶板为中硬类型，岩石极易软化，泥岩遇水易膨胀、崩解，对裂隙有弥合作用。近距离煤层开采导水裂缝带最大高度为56.95 m，距珲春河较远，波及不到珲春河水体。为使珲春河、第四系砂砾含水层及古近系风化含水带不受开采的影响，在风化含水带下留设防水安全煤岩柱进行保水开采，经计算19b，20煤保水开采上限标高分别为-110，-134 m。采用概率积分法评价近距离煤层工作面相继开采对地表河堤的影响，结果表明，随着采动工作面的增多，采动范围的扩大，河堤下沉范围增大。河堤的最大水平变形值为3.4 mm/m，在允许变形范围之内。但由于受采动影响，河堤局部范围出现一定的沉降，最大下沉值为2.61 m，低于历年最高洪水位，为此提出开采期间河堤的防护措施，可对我国河下近距离煤层开采及河堤防护提供参考。
关键词：河下采煤；近距离煤层；保水开采；河堤防护
中图分类号：TD 823.8 文献标志码：A 文章编号：2096-7187( 2020 )01-3538-10
Research on river dike failure of short-distance coal seams mining under Hunchun River
LI Jianghua1,2，LI Hongjie1,2，LI Zaichun3，WU Zuoqi1,2
( 1. Mine Safety Technology Branch，China Coal Research Institute，Beijing 100013，China；2. State Key Laboratory of Coal Mining and Clean Utilization(China Coal Research Institute)，Beijing 100013，China；3. Hunchun Coal Mining Co.，Ltd.，Hunchun 133300，China )
Abstract：Mining under river can cause dike subsidence and damage，then make river overflow，river dike lose stability，reduce flood discharge capacity，then safety accidents will happen. Coal mining under river and river dike protection should be considered and carried out together. Take the mining of short-distance coal seams under Hunchun River for example，quaternary gravel aquifer，weathering rock aquifer and Hunchun River have close hydraulic connection through analyzing the relationship of aquifers and surface water in the mining field. The bedrock on coal seams are medium hard and is easily soften. The mudstone is easily swelled and disintegrated and can restrain the fracture extend. The maximum fissure zone height is 56.95 m in the working face of short-distance coal seams and the fracture cannot reach Hunchun River. In order not to influence the quaternary gravel aquifer，weathering rock aquifer and Hunchun River after mining，water-proof safety coal and rock pillar is designed under the weathering belt. After calculating，the upper limits of mining elevation of 19 b and 20 coal seams are -110 m and -134 m separately. The influence of mining on river dike is evaluated through probability integral method，which indicates the mining influence area and settlement extent of river dike are enlarged. The maximum horizontal deformation of the dike with 3.4 mm/m is allowed. However，the maximum subsidence will induce the dike lower than the highest flood level of past years，so it is needed to put forward safeguard procedures for the river bank. The technology measures have significant meaning for river bank protection with short-distance coal seams mining under Hunchun River.
Key words：mining under river；short-distance coal seams；water conservation mining；river levee protection
收稿日期：2019-06-28 修回日期：2019-09-16 责任编辑：许书阁
基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目( 51804162 )；国家科技重大专项资助项目( 2 016ZX05045001-004 )
作者简介：李江华( 1987— )，男，山西闻喜人，副研究员，博士后。E-mail：Jianghua_lee@163.com
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