徐乃忠,高超. 正断层存在的地表沉陷特殊性规律研究[J]. 采矿与岩层控制工程学报,2020,2( 1 ):011007.
XU Naizhong,GAO Chao. Study on the special rules of surface subsidence affected by normal faults[J]. Journal of Mining and Strata Control Engineering,2020,2( 1 ):011007.
正断层存在的地表沉陷特殊性规律研究
徐乃忠1,2,3,高 超1,2
(1. 煤炭科学研究总院 开采研究分院,北京 100013;2. 天地科技股份有限公司 开采设计事业部,北京 100013;3. 中国煤炭学会 煤矿开采损害技术鉴定委员会,北京 100013 )
摘 要:工作面周边存在较大断层时,一般采用留设断层保护煤柱法,使覆岩移动不直接影响到断层。为分析受正断层影响的地表移动变形规律,通过工作面开采前后地表裂缝与房屋墙体裂缝损坏的现场调查,发现位于常规沉陷影响边界之外至断层露头范围内仍有平行于断层走向的地表裂缝及墙体裂缝性损害;应用FLAC3D模拟研究了正断层影响下的上盘煤层开采时地表沉陷特征及断层带应力变化特征。结果表明:受开采扰动影响的断层带附近原始构造应力得到释放并产生一定变形,反映至地表为非对称性的偏态下沉;建筑物下伏岩层有较大断层时,应在边界角法或沉陷预计法留设地面建筑保护煤柱的基础上,考虑留设合理宽度的断层安全煤柱;同时提出断层带周边的应力变化可作为断层受开采沉陷影响与否的判定依据。
关键词:开采沉陷;正断层;偏态下沉;应力变化;断层安全煤柱
中图分类号:TD 325 文献标志码:A 文章编号:2096-7187(2020)01-1007-06
Study on the special rules of surface subsidence affected by normal faults
XU Naizhong1,2,3,GAO Chao1,2
(1. Coal Mining Branch,China Coal Research Institute,Beijing 100013,China;2. Coal Mining & Designing Department,Tiandi Science & Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100013,China;3. Coal Mining Damage Technical Appraisal Committee,China Coal Society,Beijing 100013,China)
Abstract:When there is a large fault around the working face, designers often use method of protection coal pillar for faults to make the faults beyond directly affected zone. To analyze the surface movement and deformation law influenced by normal fault, through field investigation before and after mining, the authors found that surface cracks paralleled to the fault strike and wall cracks damage still exist between subsidence influencing boundary and fault outcrop area. Numerical simulation of FLAC3D was applied and the authors studied characteristics of surface subsidence and the fault stress variation when hanging wall coal seam mining of normal fault. Results showed that the original tectonic stress of fault zone affected by mining released and generated a certain deformation then asymmetrical skewed subsidence will be appeared on surface. A reasonable width security coal pillar of fault should be considered based on method of boundary angle or subsidence prediction when large fault exists under buildings. At the same time, the authors put forward that stress changes in fault zone can be used as a basis of mining subsidence judgement.
Key words:subsidence;normal fault;skewed subsidence;stress changes;security coal pillar of fault
收稿日期:2019-01-28 修回日期:2019-05-20 责任编辑:李 青
基金项目:天地科技股份有限公司科技创新创业资金专项资助项目(2018-TD-QN024) ;国家科技重大专项资助项目(2016ZX05045-007)
作者简介:徐乃忠(1961—),男,江苏建湖人,研究员,博士生导师。E-mail:xunaizhong@tdkcsj.com
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