张丁丁，李淑军，张曦，等. 分布式光纤监测的采动断层活化特征实验研究[J]. 采矿与岩层控制工程学报，2020，2( 1 )：013018.
ZHANG Dingding，LI Shujun，ZHANG Xi，et，al. Experimental study on mining fault activation characteristics by a distributed optical fiber system[J]. Journal of Mining and Strata Control Engineering，2020，2( 1 )：013018.
分布式光纤监测的采动断层活化特征实验研究
张丁丁1,2，李淑军1，张 曦1，杨玉玉1，柴 敬1,2
(1. 西安科技大学 能源学院，陕西 西安 710054；2. 西安科技大学 教育部西部矿井开采与防治重点实验室，陕西 西安 710054 )
摘 要：为了研究采动影响下断层活化规律，利用分布式光纤传感技术对工作面推进过程中断层面的应力状态进行监测。采用物理相似模型模拟工作面从上、下盘向断层推进的过程，制作2个岩性参数和断层构造相同、推进方向相反的相似材料模型，模型中埋入垂直、倾斜传感光纤，获得了断层面的应力变化、采场覆岩变形以及断层相对滑移实验数据。实验结果表明，工作面从下盘向断层推进时，引起断层面的附加剪应力集中程度远大于工作面上盘推进时，约为上盘推进时的2.2倍；断层面上部岩层先于下部受到工作面采动影响；下盘推进先于上盘推进发生断层活化失稳危险，断层活化失稳危险性最高时工作面与断层距离约为上盘推进时的1.8倍。利用分布式光纤传感技术验证了相比上盘推进，下盘推进时采动影响下断层更易活化的理论推理。断层区域工作面优先布置在上盘，有利于矿压控制，保证安全高效开采。
关键字：正断层；分布式光纤传感；相似模拟实验；覆岩运动；活化
中图分类号：TD 324 文献标志码：A 文章编号：2096-7187(2020)01-3018-09
Experimental study on mining fault activation characteristics by a distributed optical fiber system
ZHANG Dingding1,2，LI Shujun1，ZHANG Xi1，YANG Yuyu1，CHAI Jing1,2
(1. School of Energy Science and Engineering，Xi'an University of Science and Technology，Xi'an 710054，China；2. Key Laboratory of Western Mine Exploitation and Hazard Prevention of Ministry of Education，Xi'an University of Science and Technology，Xi'an 710054，China)
Abstract：In order to study the law of fault activation influenced by mining，the Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Analysis (BOTDA) was applied to monitor the stress state of the fault plane of the working face propulsion process. The physical similarity model was used to simulate the process of mining the working face from the hanging wall and the foot wall to the fault. Two similar material models with the same lithology parameters and fault structure but opposite mining direction were produced. Vertical and inclined sensing optical fibers were embedded in each model. The stress variation of the fault plane，the overburden deformation of the stope and the relative slip of the fault were obtained. The experimental results showed that when the working face was pushed from the foot wall to the fault，the additional shear stress concentration of the fault plane would be much greater than that the one pushed from the hanging wall to the fault，which was about 2.2 times that of the hanging wall. The upper strata of the fault plane were affected by mining before the lower strata. The risk of fault activation instability occurs when the foot wall advances before the hanging wall. When the risk of fault activation instability got to the highest point，the distance between working face and fault was about 1.8 times that of the hanging wall. The BOTDA was applied in first time to verify the theoretical reasoning that the fault influenced by mining from the foot wall is more susceptible to activate. The working face of the fault area is preferentially placed on the hanging wall，which is beneficial for mine pressure control and ensuring safe and efficient mining.
Key words：normal fault；distributed optical fiber sensing；similarity simulation experiment；overlying strata move-ment；activation
收稿日期：2019-02-28 修回日期：2019-05-10 责任编辑：李 青
基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51174280，51804244)；陕西省教育厅科学研究计划资助项目(16JK1488)；陕西省创新能力支撑计划资助项目(2018TD-038)
作者简介：张丁丁(1987—)，男，山东济南人，讲师，博士。E-mail：zhangdd@xust.edu.cn
通信作者：柴敬(1964—)，男，宁夏平罗人，教授，博士生导师。E-mail：chaij@xust.edu.cn
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